由於阻擾了MRSA，因此這些lysibodies更進一步證實了其本事翻譯利用某種lysibodies醫治法，大大改良了感染MRSA的小老鼠，而另外一種lysibodies醫治法，於齧齒動物中，阻擾了嚴重的腎臟感染。 In experiments翻譯社 the team found that, as they had hoped, the lysibodies attached to the carbohydrates on the surface of Staph and induced immune cells to engulf and destroy them. Since multiple types of related bacteria can have the same carbohydrate targets, the lysibodies grabbed onto a variety of strains of Staph. As an added benefit, one even latched onto more far-flung relatives翻譯社 including the bacteria responsible for strep throat and urinary tract infections.
於人類中，測試lysibodies匹敵MRSA及其他危險葡萄球菌傳染的潛力早已最先進行。由記念斯隆凱特琳癌症中心 、洛克菲勒大學及威爾康奈爾醫學院構成的三機構醫治法發現研究所(被成立來加速初期藥物發現的合作機構)，正進行製造lysibodies，且已設計最先測試其平安性。
即使如斯，細胞溶素及抗體佈局共有諸多類似處，因此使得這些研究人員產生一個構想。 因為產生細胞溶素的病毒幾近能傳染所有細菌，是以lysibodies能被製造來匹敵激發疾病的細菌。這種方式可能使得研發流行症的新類型免疫力加強療法，成為可能翻譯」 Just as disease-causing bacteria seek to infect us翻譯社 some viruses prey upon bacteria. And these viral predators have developed a keen ability to latch onto and cut through the outer surface or walls of the bacteria, killing the cells in the process. They do so using molecular snippers called lysins that bind to specific carbohydrates in cell walls. The process of testing lysibodies’ potential to fight MRSA and other dangerous Staph infections in humans has already begun. The Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, a partnership established to expedite early-stage drug discovery翻譯社 is manufacturing lysibodies and has plans to begin testing their safety.
Even so, lysins and antibodies share some similarities in their structures. And that gave the researchers an idea.
此些研究成果暗示，他們可能已發現匹敵近似MRSA超等病原菌的新方式。MRSA是一種對傳統抗生素具抗性的細菌。在利用小老鼠的諸多嘗試中，Fischetti的團隊利用上述方式成功醫治，由抗二甲氧苯青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌(MRSA：Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)引發威逼人命的傳染。
In work described in the Proceedings for the National Academy of Sciences on April 17翻譯社 the team engineered molecules that accomplish something viruses do much better than the human immune system; namely, targeting specific carbohydrate molecules that appear on the surfaces of bacterial cells.
翻譯：許東榮
掃數旨在殺死金黃色葡萄球菌，這是一種致使從輕微皮膚感染到肺炎及腦膜炎等疾病的常見細菌。儘管個中諸多傳染能利用抗生素醫治，不過包括諸如MRSA等，具抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌菌株的呈現，已致使求要有關匹敵此些病原體的新方式。此些研究人員稱號他們的締造物為“lysibodies”且締造了三種類型：兩種源自病毒，一種源自細菌。這是此些病毒利用，與細菌細胞壁中特定碳水化合物連系，被稱為細胞溶素的分子鉸剪，殺青的翻譯
正猶如激發疾病的細菌試圖感染人類，有些病毒也熬煎細菌。也就是，此些對細菌造成毀壞的病毒已經成長出一種，捉住並切穿細菌外表層(也就是細胞壁)的極佳本事，並在此過程當中殺死此些細胞。 The team also looked to bacteria themselves: Like viruses, bacteria produce a similar carbohydrate-binding and cutting molecule翻譯社 which they use to alter their own cell walls during growth. As they did with the lysins翻譯社 the researchers combined the binding region from one of these remodeling enzymes with a piece of human antibody.
另一方面，人類免疫系統對於碳水化合物具有盲點。其產生希奇善於與細菌細胞壁之卵白質連系的抗體，從而標志此細菌供免疫細胞摧毀。
In experiments with mice, Fischetti’s team used this approach to successfully treat life-threatening infections by MRSA, a bacterium that is resistant to conventional antibiotics—results that suggest they may have found a new way to fight superbugs like MRSA. Fischetti嘗試副研究員，Assaf Raz傳播鼓吹：「抗體及細胞溶素二者具有兩種不相幹聯的成份。這兩種中，一種與其各自標的連系，不外細胞溶素的第二種成分卻切割細菌的細胞壁翻譯於抗體中，第二種成份調和免疫反應翻譯這使得人們可能進行混搭，而將病毒致使捉住碳水化合物的部份，與抗體告知免疫細胞如何作出反應的部門組合在一路翻譯」 “Bacteria-infecting viruses have molecules that recognize and tightly bind to these common components of the bacterial cell’s surface that the human immune system largely misses. We have co-opted these molecules翻譯社 and we’ve put them to work helping the human immune system fight off microbial pathogens,” says Vincent A. Fischetti, head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology. 原文網址：https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/19180-scientists-engineer-human-germ-hybrid-molecules-attack-drug-resistant-bacteria/
」
洛克斐勒大學細菌病發學暨免疫學實行室主任，Vincent A. Fischetti傳播鼓吹：「感染細菌的病毒具有，辨認並與細菌細胞皮相，人類免疫系統大半疏漏掉之共有成份慎密連系的分子。他們已徵用此些份子，且使其起了協助人類免疫系統擊退微生物病原體的作用。 “Both antibodies and lysins have two discrete components. They both have a part that binds their respective target, but whereas the second component of lysins cuts the bacterial cell wall翻譯社 in antibodies it coordinates an immune response,” says Assaf Raz, a research associate in Fischetti’s lab who led the experiments. “This made it possible for us to mix and match翻譯社 combining the viral piece responsible for latching onto a carbohydrate with the part of the antibody that tells immune cells how to respond.” 靈感來自進擊並殺死細菌的病毒，美國洛克斐勒大學的研究人員們業已締造出一種，匹敵激發疾病之細菌，且顯現大有期望治療具抗藥性細菌傳染的全新兵器翻譯 The lysibodies further proved their mettle by thwarting MRSA. Treatment with one lysibody greatly improved the survival of MRSA-infected mice, while treatment with another prevented severe kidney infections in the rodents. 在2017年4月17日《美國國家科學院院刊》記敘的研究中，該團隊工程革新了，能實現諸多病毒表示比人類免疫系統更佳之事(也就是，鎖定泛起於細菌細胞外觀的特定碳水化合物份子)的份子翻譯 Inspired by viruses that attack and kill bacteria, researchers at The Rockefeller University have created an entirely new weapon against disease-causing bacteria that shows great promise for treating drug-resistant infections. Since nearly all bacteria may be infected by lysin-producing viruses翻譯社 lysibodies could be produced against many disease bacteria. Furthermore, “based on our results, it may be possible to use not just lysins, but any molecule with a high affinity toward a target on any pathogen—be it virus, parasite, or fungus—to create hybrid antibodies,” Fischetti says. “This approach could make it possible to develop a new class of immune boosting therapies for infectious diseases.”
該團隊也寄望細菌自己像病毒一樣，在生長時代，產生一種細菌用來改變本身細胞壁之雷同連系碳水化合物，並進行切割的份子翻譯當利用細胞溶素進行時，此些研究人員組合了，來自此些經改造酵素之一的結合區與人類抗體的部分。 於諸多實行中，猶如他們的期盼，該團隊發現此些lysibodies附著於金黃色葡萄球菌表面的碳水化合物，且激發免疫細胞進行吞噬並加以摧毀。作為一種額外的效益，有種lysibodies甚至捉住更冷淡的同類，包孕致使鏈球菌性咽喉炎及尿道傳染的細菌翻譯 The human immune system, meanwhile, has a blind spot for carbs. It produces antibodies that are particularly good at binding to proteins on bacterial cell walls翻譯社 thereby tagging the bacteria for destruction by immune cells. But when their target is a carbohydrate, not a protein, the human antibodies fall short. The researchers dubbed their creation “lysibodies,” and made three types: two derived from viruses翻譯社 one from bacteria. All were designed to kill Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium responsible for everything from minor skin infections to pneumonia and meningitis. While many of these infections can be treated with antibiotics翻譯社 the emergence of strains of drug-resistant Staph, including one known as MRSA, has created a need for a new way to fight these pathogens.
本文來自: http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/peregrine/post/1370884866有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢華頓翻譯社
