5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem
第五句是就界定的概念提供相幹的例證，本句就是在所界的定情義領域中提出個性身分(personality factor)，亦即自負(self-esteem)的例子。此句的personality factor與第二句中的personality variable是溝通的意思，論文寫作中有時variable與factor會瓜代利用，以增添字彙利用的多樣性。
第四句是界說認知範疇(cognitive domain)，來與所界說的情意範疇尴尬刁難照，用以突顯二者的差異。句中的which是關係代名詞，用以取代其前的名詞cognitive domain，而which以後的動詞deal with是第三句的動詞refer to一樣，都是常用來撰寫定義的片語翻譯
請按以上講授說明以及你本身的研究內容，填入以下段落的空格來表達所要界說的概念:
Before I proceed with my discussion on __________________, I need to define an important concept, __________________. This term has been useful in discussing __________________ that we observe in __________________. __________________ refers to __________________. It is often contrasted with __________________, which deals with __________________. An example of __________________ that falls within __________________ is the idea of __________________. __________________has to do with __________________. In terms of __________________, we often assume that __________________.
第二句再描寫為何需要定義這個概念，主要是因為據研究者觀察，它在本文所要評論辯論的個性變項( personality variable)中是很有效的(useful)。
2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners.
3. Affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences.
廖柏森
首句指出在本文的研究問題第二語言習得(second language acquisition)中起首要界說的概念是什麼，作者指出此一主要概念就是情意範疇(affective domain)翻譯另可注意該概念之前要加逗點的寫法。
第三句就直指情義領域的界說，動詞用refer to是論文寫作中界定辭彙的經常使用片語。
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition, I need to define an important concept翻譯社 affective domain.
研究論文中常有很多主要或抽象的概念需要先下定義，才能睜開後續的商量翻譯而下界說除了描寫某一概念以外，還可供給其相對的概念作為參照，也可進一步提供該概念的例子作為申明。請看以下的類型段落:
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on second language acquisition翻譯社 I need to define an important concept, the affective domain. 2. This term has been useful in discussing the personality variables that we observe in second language learners. 3. The affective domain refers to the feelings that everyone experiences. 4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain, which deals with our analytical abilities. 5. An example of a personality factor that falls within the affective domain is the idea of self-esteem. 6. Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself. 7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.
4. It is often contrasted with the cognitive domain翻譯社 which deals with our analytical abilities.
在華頓翻譯公司繼續往下商量第二說話習得之前，我需要先界定一個重要概念: 情意範疇。這個辭彙在評論辯論華頓翻譯公司們所觀察第二說話進修者的個性變項中是很有效的。情意範疇是指每一個人城市體驗到的感受。它凡是是個與認知範疇相對的概念，而認知範疇是處理我們的闡發能力翻譯在情義範疇中個性因素的例子中有所謂的自負，
l 講授:
6. Your self-esteem has to do with your view of yourself.
下一句又針對何謂自負作一簡短申明，句中動詞has to do with也是跟refer to和deal with一樣，常用來說明概念。
7. In terms of second language acquisition, we often assume that high self-esteem leads to success in language acquisition.
最後一句又回到第一句曾提過的研究標題問題第二說話習得，有前後呼應的效果，並且把自負的概念與說話習得成功聯結起來翻譯
整段文字中的幾個概念其實有條理關係，從最上一層的second language acquisition依序為affective domain, personality variable/ factor到最基層的 self-esteem。文字的進展上也是從第一句開始依序將這些概念介紹出來翻譯
Ø 為概念下界說(defining concepts)
l 句型:
1. Before I proceed with my discussion on ____研究題目_______, I need to define an important concept翻譯社 _____所要界說的概念_____.
2. This term has been useful in discussing ___________________ that we observe in ___________________.
3. _____所要定義的概念_____ refers to _____所要界說概念的內容_____.
4. It is often contrasted with _____與所界說概念尴尬刁難比的另一概念___________, which deals with ____另外一概念的界說內容_________. (若不作概念的比較，則可省略)
5. An example of ___________________ that falls within _____所要界說的概念_____ is the idea of _____所要定義概念的例子______.
6. _____所要定義概念的例子______ has to do with ______例子的內容________.
7. In terms of ____研究題目_______翻譯社 we often assume that ___________________. (可省略)
l 操練:
由以上段落闡明，為概念下界說的段落寫法的架構可由以下七個句子構成，但寫作時若不消為所界說的概念作對比，則可省略第四句；若為精簡，亦可省略第七句:
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